Bài 38: Hệ thống hóa về hiđrocacbon
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 1 (Trang 172 SGK Hóa học 11)
<p>So s&aacute;nh t&iacute;nh chất h&oacute;a học của:</p> <p>a) anken với ankin.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b) ankan với ankylbenzen.</p> <p>Cho th&iacute; dụ minh họa.</p> <p><strong>Hướng dẫn trả lời</strong></p> <p>*So s&aacute;nh t&iacute;nh chất h&oacute;a học của anken với ankin:</p> <ul> <li>Giống nhau: <ul> <li>Cộng hiđro:</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>&#8801;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none;"> <ul> <li>Cộng brom (dung dịch).</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>B</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>B</mi><mi>r</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>&#8801;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mi>B</mi><msub><mi>r</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none;"> <ul> <li>Cộng HX theo quy tắc Mac-c&ocirc;p-nhi-c&ocirc;p.</li> <li>L&agrave;m mất m&agrave;u dung dịch KMnO<sub>4</sub>.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>3</mn><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>&#8801;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>K</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>n</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mn>3</mn><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>M</mi><mi>n</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>8</mn><mi>K</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mn>3</mn><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>K</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>n</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>O</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>M</mi><mi>n</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>.</mo></math></p> <ul> <li>Kh&aacute;c nhau: <ul> <li>Anken: Kh&ocirc;ng c&oacute; phản ứng thế bằng ion kim loại.</li> <li>Ankin: Ank-1-in c&oacute; phản ứng thế bằng ion kim loại.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>&#8801;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>A</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>-</mo><mi>A</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>&#8595;</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mi>N</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>a</mi></math></p> <p>*So s&aacute;nh t&iacute;nh chất h&oacute;a học của ankan v&agrave; ankylbenzen:</p> <ul> <li>Giống nhau: <ul> <li>Phản ứng thế (halogen):</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>l</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/24022022/a5-KqzsMm.png" width="454" height="196" /></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none;"> <ul> <li>Phản ứng oxi h&oacute;a:</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>7</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>8</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>8</mn><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8594;</mo><mn>7</mn><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>O</mi></math></p> <ul> <li>Kh&aacute;c nhau: <ul> <li>Ankan: c&oacute; phản ứng t&aacute;ch.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mrow><mn>500</mn><mo>&#176;</mo><mi>C</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>x</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mover><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math></p> <ul> <li style="list-style-type: none;"> <ul> <li>Ankylbenzen: c&oacute; phản ứng cộng.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<img class="wscnph" src="https://static.colearn.vn:8413/v1.0/upload/library/24022022/a6-Uygqw8.png" width="460" height="83" /></p>
Hướng dẫn Giải bài 1 (trang 172, SGK Hóa Học 11)
GV: GV colearn
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Hướng dẫn Giải bài 1 (trang 172, SGK Hóa Học 11)
GV: GV colearn