Grammar - Unit 2
Phần Ngữ pháp - Grammar - Unit 2: Will/ be going to, câu bị động
<h2><strong>I. Th&igrave; tương lai với&nbsp;<em>will</em>&nbsp;v&agrave;&nbsp;<em>be going to</em></strong></h2> <p>Ch&uacute;ng ta sử dụng&nbsp;<em>will</em>&nbsp;v&agrave;&nbsp;<em>be going to</em>&nbsp;để n&oacute;i về những h&agrave;nh động trong tương lai.</p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 29.3721%;">&nbsp;</td> <td style="width: 29.3721%; text-align: center;"><strong>will</strong></td> <td style="width: 29.3721%; text-align: center;"><strong>be going to</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 29.3721%;"><strong>Cấu tr&uacute;c</strong></td> <td style="width: 29.3721%;"> <p>(+) S + will +V (nguy&ecirc;n thể)</p> <p>(-) S+ will not (=won&rsquo;t) + V (nguy&ecirc;n<br />thể)</p> <p>(?) Will + S + V (nguy&ecirc;n thể)?</p> </td> <td style="width: 29.3721%;"> <p>(+) S + am/ is/ are + going to + V (nguy&ecirc;n thể)</p> <p>(-) S + am/is/are not + going to + V (nguy&ecirc;n thể)</p> <p>(?) Am/ Is/ Are+ S+ going to + V (nguy&ecirc;n thể)?</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 29.3721%;"><strong>C&aacute;ch sử dụng</strong></td> <td style="width: 29.3721%;"> <p>- N&oacute;i về những kế hoạch được đưa ra tại thời điểm n&oacute;i</p> <p>This shirt looks beautiful. I will buy it.</p> <p>- Những dự đo&aacute;n dựa tr&ecirc;n những g&igrave; ta nghĩ hoặc tin về tương lai</p> <p>I think our team will win the competition.<br /><br /><br /></p> </td> <td style="width: 29.3721%;"> <p>- N&oacute;i về những kế hoạch được đưa ra trước thời điểm n&oacute;i</p> <p>I have made a reservation. We are going to have dinner at the Chinese restaurant nearby.</p> <p>- Những dự đo&aacute;n dựa tr&ecirc;n những g&igrave; ch&uacute;ng ta thấy hoặc biết.</p> <p>Look at the dark louds. It is going to rain soon.<br /><br /></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2><strong>II. C&acirc;u bị động (Passive Voice)</strong></h2> <p>Ch&uacute;ng ta sử dụng c&acirc;u bị động khi người hay chủ thể thực hiện h&agrave;nh động kh&ocirc;ng quan trọng hoặc kh&ocirc;ng được biết đến hoặc ch&uacute;ng ta kh&ocirc;ng muốn n&oacute;i đến người thực hiện h&agrave;nh động l&agrave; ai. Ch&uacute;ng ta chỉ tập trung v&agrave;o ch&iacute;nh h&agrave;nh động m&agrave; th&ocirc;i.</p> <p><strong>V&iacute; dụ:</strong>&nbsp;The school playground is cleaned up every day (by students).</p> <p><strong>C&ocirc;ng thức bị động c&aacute;c th&igrave; cơ bản:</strong></p> <table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%; text-align: center;"><strong>C&aacute;c th&igrave;</strong></td> <td style="width: 33.2722%; text-align: center;"><strong>C&acirc;u chủ động</strong></td> <td style="width: 33.2722%; text-align: center;"><strong>C&acirc;u bị động</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"><strong>Hiện tại đơn</strong></td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ V(s/es) + O</p> <p>Mary studies English every day.</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+is/am/are + Ved/VpII + (by + O)</p> <p>English is studied by Mary everyday.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"><strong>Hiện tại tiếp diễn</strong></td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ is/am/are + V-ing + O</p> <p>He is planting trees now.</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+is/am/are + being + Ved/ VpII+ (by + 0)</p> <p>Trees are being planted (by him) now.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"><strong>Qu&aacute; khứ đơn</strong></td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ V-ed/ V2 + O</p> <p>She wrote a letter yesterday.</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ was/were + Ved/ VpII + (by + O)</p> <p>A letter was written (by her) yesterday.&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"><strong>Qu&aacute; khứ tiếp diễn</strong></td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S + was/were + V-ing + O</p> <p>They were buying a car at 9 am yesterday.</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ was/were + being + Ved/ VpII + (by + O)</p> <p>A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"><strong>Hiện tại ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh</strong></td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S + have/ has + Ved/ VpII + O</p> <p>My parents have given me a new bike on my birthday.</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ have/ has + been + Ved/ VpII+ (by +O)</p> <p>A new bike has been given to me by my<br />parents on my birthday.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"><strong>Qu&aacute; khứ ho&agrave;n th&agrave;nh</strong></td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ had + VpII + O</p> <p>He had finished his report before 10 p.m<br />yesterday.</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ had + been + Ved/ VpII + (by O)</p> <p>His report had been finished before 10 p.m<br />yesterday.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>Tương lai đơn</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S + will + V(nguy&ecirc;n thể) + O</p> <p>She will do a lot of things tomorrow.</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S+ will +be+ Ved/ VpII + (by O)</p> <p>A lot of things will be done tomorrow.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 33.2722%;">Tương lai gần</td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p><br />&nbsp;S + am/ is/ are + going to + V (nguy&ecirc;n thể)</p> <p>She is going buy a new school bag this weekend.</p> </td> <td style="width: 33.2722%;"> <p>S + am/is/are + going to + be Ved/ VpII +<br />(by O)</p> <p>A new school bag is going to be bought this weekend.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
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