Bài tập Chủ đề 5
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 3 (Trang 105 SGK Vật lý 10, Bộ Cánh diều)
<p>Một quả cầu khối lượng 2 kg, chuyển động với tốc độ 3,0 m/s, đập vu&ocirc;ng g&oacute;c v&agrave;o tường v&agrave; bị bật ngược</p> <p>trở lại với c&ugrave;ng tốc độ. So s&aacute;nh động lượng v&agrave; động năng của quả cầu trước v&agrave; sau va chạm.</p> <p><strong>Lời giải:</strong></p> <p>Chọn chiều dương l&agrave; chiều chuyển động của quả b&oacute;ng trước khi đập v&agrave;o tường.</p> <p>Động lượng của quả b&oacute;ng trước va chạm:</p> <p><span id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;#x2009;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-1" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-2" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-3" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-4" class="mjx-mi"></span></span></span></span></span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>p</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>m</mi><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>=</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></math><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi></mi></math></span></p> <p>Động lượng của quả b&oacute;ng sau va chạm:</p> <p><span id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2.&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mfenced&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2212;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mfenced&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mo&gt;&amp;#x2212;&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;#x2009;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;k&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-22" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-23" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-24" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-25" class="mjx-mi"></span></span></span></span></span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>p</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>m</mi><msub><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>&minus;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&minus;</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>k</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></math><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi></mi></math></span></p> <p>Nhận x&eacute;t: động lượng của quả b&oacute;ng trước v&agrave; sau va chạm c&oacute; độ lớn bằng nhau nhưng ngược chiều.</p> <p>Động năng của quả b&oacute;ng trước va chạm:</p> <p><span id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" class="mjx-chtml MathJax_CHTML" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; line-height: 0; text-indent: 0px; text-align: left; text-transform: none; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 21.78px; letter-spacing: normal; overflow-wrap: normal; word-spacing: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 1px 0px; position: relative;" tabindex="0" role="presentation" data-mathml="&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;W&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;d&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msubsup&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msubsup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mfrac&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mfrac&gt;&lt;msup&gt;&lt;mn&gt;.2.3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msup&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;#x2009;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;J&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/math&gt;"><span id="MJXc-Node-50" class="mjx-math" aria-hidden="true"><span id="MJXc-Node-51" class="mjx-mrow"><span id="MJXc-Node-52" class="mjx-msub"><span class="mjx-base"><span id="MJXc-Node-53" class="mjx-mtext"></span></span></span></span></span><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>W</mi><mi>d</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mi>m</mi><msub><msup><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><msup><mn>3</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>9</mn><mi>J</mi></math><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi></mi></math></span></p> <p>Động năng của quả b&oacute;ng sau va chạm:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>W</mi><mrow><mi>d</mi><mo>'</mo></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>2</mn></mfrac><mi>m</mi><msub><msup><mi>v</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>12</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>.</mo><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mo>&minus;</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>9</mn><mi>J</mi></math></p> <p>Nhận x&eacute;t: động năng của quả b&oacute;ng trước v&agrave; sau va chạm bằng nhau</p>
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