Bài 19: Hợp kim
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 4 (Trang 91 SGK Hóa học 12)
<p>Ng&acirc;m 2,33 gam hợp kim Fe-Zn trong lượng dư dung dịch HCl đến khi phản ứng ho&agrave;n to&agrave;n thấy giải ph&oacute;ng 869 ml kh&iacute;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> (đktc). Th&agrave;nh phần phần trăm về khối lượng của hợp kim n&agrave;y l&agrave;&nbsp;</p> <p>A. 27,9% Zn v&agrave; 72,1% Fe&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;B. 26,9% Zn v&agrave; 73,1% Fe</p> <p>C. 25,9% Zn v&agrave; 74,1% Fe&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;D. 24,9% Zn v&agrave; 75,1% Fe</p> <p><strong>Giải&nbsp;</strong></p> <p>Chọn A. Đặt số mol của Fe v&agrave; Zn trong hợp kim lần lượt l&agrave; x mol v&agrave; y mol&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo></math>56x + 65y = 2,33 (*)</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Fe</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>FeCl</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8593;</mo></mrow></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">x</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>Zn</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>ZnCl</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>&#160;</mo></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>&#8593;</mo></mrow></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math></p> <p>Từ (1) v&agrave; (2)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8658;</mo></math>x + y =&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>896</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>22</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>*</mo><mo>)</mo></math></p> <p>Giải hệ (*) v&agrave; (**) ta được&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mfenced open="{" close=""><mtable columnalign="left"><mtr><mtd><mi>x</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>03</mn></mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd><mi>y</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>01</mn></mtd></mtr></mtable></mfenced></math></p> <p>Th&agrave;nh phần phầm trăm khối lượng của kim loại trong hợp kim&nbsp;</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>%</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi>Fe</mi></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>03</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>56</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>33</mn></mrow></mfrac><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>72</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>%</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi><mi>Zn</mi></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>72</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>%</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>27</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>(</mo><mo>%</mo><mo>)</mo><mo>.</mo></math></p>
Giải bài tập 4 (trang 91, SGK Hóa học 12)
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Giải bài tập 4 (trang 91, SGK Hóa học 12)
GV: GV colearn