Bài 21: Điều chế kim loại
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 1 (Trang 98 SGK Hóa học 12)
<p>Tr&igrave;nh b&agrave;y c&aacute;ch để&nbsp;</p> <p>- điều chế Ca từ <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CaCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math>.</p> <p>- điều chế Cu từ <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CuSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math>.</p> <p>Viết phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học của c&aacute;c phản ứng.</p> <p><strong>Giải</strong></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>*</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math>Điều chế Ca từ&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CaCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math>.</p> <p>H&ograve;a tan&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CaCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math> v&agrave;o dung dịch HCl, c&ocirc; cạn dung dịch rồi điện ph&acirc;n&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CaCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> n&oacute;ng chảy:</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CaCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>HCl</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>CaCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>CO</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8593;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>.</mo><mspace linebreak="newline"/><msub><mi>CaCl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>&#273;pnc</mi></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>Ca</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>Cl</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8593;</mo></math></p> <p><span style="font-size: 18px;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>*</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math></span>Điều chế Cu từ&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CuSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math>.</p> <p><span style="font-size: 8px;">⚫&nbsp; <em>&nbsp;</em></span><em>Thủy luyện: </em>D&ugrave;ng Fe đẩy Cu ra khỏi dung dịch&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CuSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math></p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Fe</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>CuSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>FeSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>&#8595;</mo></math></p> <p><span style="font-size: 8px;">⚫&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><em>Nhiệt luyện:&nbsp;</em></p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>-</mo><mo>&#160;</mo></math>Cho dung dịch&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CuSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math> t&aacute;c dụng với dung dịch NaOH</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CuSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>NaOH</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8594;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>Cu</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8595;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi>Na</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>SO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math></p> <p>Lọc lấy kết tủa, nung ở nhiệt độ cao. Dẫn kh&iacute; <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> qua CuO nung n&oacute;ng</p> <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>Cu</mi><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>OH</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mrow><mo>&#8594;</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi><sup><mrow><mo>&#8728;</mo></mrow></sup></mrow></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>CuO</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mi>CuO</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">t</mi><mo>&#8728;</mo></msup></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>Cu</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></math></p> <p><span style="font-size: 8px;">⚫&nbsp; &nbsp;</span>Điện ph&acirc;n dung dịch&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>CuSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math>:</p> <p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>CuSO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mi>&#273;pdd</mi></mover><mo>&#160;</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>Cu</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#8595;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>&#8593;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>+</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mi>SO</mi><mn>4</mn></msub></math></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>
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Giải bài tập 1 (trang 98, SGK Hóa học 12)
GV: GV colearn