Bài 39: Dẫn xuất halogen của hidrocacbon
Hướng dẫn giải Bài 4 (Trang 177 SGK Hóa học 11)
<p>Từ axetilen, viết phương tr&igrave;nh h&oacute;a học của c&aacute;c phản ứng điều chế: etyl bromua (1); 1,2-đibrometan (2); vinyl clorua (3); 1,1-đibrometan (4)</p> <p>Giải</p> <p>a. CH&equiv;CH + 2H<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#176;</mo></mrow></mover></math> CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub></p> <p>CH<sub>3</sub>-CH<sub>3</sub> + Br<sub>2</sub> (kh&iacute;)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mrow><mi>&#225;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>&#225;</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&#176;</mo></mrow></mover></math>CH<sub>3</sub> - CH<sub>2</sub>Br + HBr</p> <p>b. CH&equiv;CH +H<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mrow><mi>P</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>,</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></mover></math> CH<sub>2</sub>=CH<sub>2</sub></p> <p>CH<sub>2</sub>=CH<sub>2</sub> +Br<sub>2</sub> (dd)&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mo>&#8594;</mo></math>CH<sub>2</sub>Br-CH<sub>2</sub>Br (1,2-đibrometan)</p> <p>c. CH&equiv;CH +HCl&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>&#176;</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mover></math>&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><munder><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow><mo>|</mo></munder><mspace linebreak="newline"/><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mo>&#160;</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi></math></p> <p>d. CH&equiv;CH Hbr&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>&#176;</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mover></math> CH<sub>2</sub>=CHBr</p> <p>CH<sub>2</sub>=CHBr +HBr&nbsp;<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mover><mo>&#8594;</mo><mrow><mi>t</mi><mo>&#176;</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>x</mi><mi>t</mi></mrow></mover></math> CH<sub>3</sub>-CHBr<sub>2</sub></p>
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